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代詞語法的講解

代詞語法的講解範文

  (一)代詞概述

  代詞用來代替名詞,在句中充當主語、賓語和表語,有時還可以充當定語。代詞在命題中主要是代詞格的變化、代詞單複數形式以及不定代詞和it的用法等。

  (二)基本知識梳理

  1. 人稱代詞:主格作主語,賓格用作及物動詞和介詞的賓語。

  He often helps me.

  Who is at the door? It's me.

  The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.

  出現並列主語或賓語時,其排列順序為:單數時是第二、第三、第一人稱(簡稱231)即you,he and I或you,her and me;複數時是第一、第二、第三人稱(簡稱123)即we,you and they或us,you and them。

  2. 物主代詞:形容詞性物主代詞作定語,後加名詞;而名詞性物主代詞等於形容詞性物主代詞加名詞。如: This is my book. = This book is mine.

  名詞性物主代詞可做主語、賓語和表語。如:

  Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.

  May I use your pen? I've lost mine.

  She is a classmate of his.

  The bike is hers.

  3. 反身代詞:用作賓語和起強調作用。

  1)作賓語

  Help yourself to some cakes.

  I can look at myself in the mirror.

  They should think more of the public health than themselves.

  2)作強調

  We do homework by ourselves.

  I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.

  4. 指示代詞

  1)this,that,these,those

  What's this(that)? It's a book.

  What are these(those)? They are books.

  this和these比較靠近,that和those稍遠一點。

  2)it的用法

  (1)指物:It's a robot.

  (2)指自然現象: It's raining now, but it will be fine soon.

  (3)指時間:What time is it? It's 8 o'clock.

  (4)指距離:It's twenty minutes' walk.

  (5)作形式主語:It's important for us to fight pollution.

  It took me half an hour to finish the work.

  It's kind of you to say so.

  (6)作形式賓語: We think it necessary to relax from time to time.

  5. 不定代詞

  1)some,any

  some用於肯定句中,any用於否定句和疑問句中。如:

  There are some pens on the desk.

  There aren't any pens on the desk.

  Are there any pens on the desk?

  Some are Chinese. Others are English.

  在表示請求、建議、反問等句子中,用some而不是用any。如:

  Would you like some drink?

  any也可以表示任何一個。如:

  Do you know any of her friends?

  If you have any questions, you can ask me.

  2)複合不定代詞:something, anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,no one,everyone,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere這些不定代詞都作單數,表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。

  (1)作主語:

  Someone is waiting for you.

  No one is in the classroom.

  (2)作賓語:

  Have you got anything to say?

  Did you see anything else in the classroom?

  (3)不定代詞被形容詞修飾時,定語放在它們的`後面。如:

  I’ve got something interesting to tell you.

  There's nothing new in the newspaper.

  3)a few,few,a little,little前兩者修飾可數名詞,後兩者修飾不可數名詞。few,little表示否定,意思是幾乎沒有;a few,a little表示肯定,意思是還有幾個、有一點。如:

  There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry.

  I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.

  4)both(兩者都,複數),all(三者以上都,複數),neither(兩者都不,單數),none(三者以上都不,單複數),either(兩者中的一個,單數),both...and, neither...nor, either...or

  (1)作主語:

  Both of the twins are doctors.

  All of them are honest.

  Neither of them is a doctor.

  None of them is/are honest.

  (2)片語:

  Both Li Ping and I are students.

  Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.

  (3)作形容詞:

  on both sides of the river

  on either side of the river

  注意下面句子轉化:

  Both of them are teachers.

  改成否定句是: Neither of them is a teacher.

  All of us are students.

  改成否定句是: None of us is a student. 或: None of us are students.

  5)one ...the other(s)表示一個……其餘的……,是有範圍的;some...others 表示一些……另一些……,是無範圍的;another 表示很多中的另一個,再……個。如:

  He has two brothers. One is an engineer, the other is a writer.

  Some like football. Others like basketball.

  Some books on the shelf are in Chinese, the others in English.

  She will be in hospital for another two weeks.(她將在醫院再住兩星期。)