英語定語從句說課稿
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。下面是小編為你帶來的英語定語從句說課稿 ，歡迎閱讀。
一， 定義：在複合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常位於定語從句前。引導定語從句的是關係代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose）和關係副詞（when,where,why），它們既起連線作用，又充當從句中的一個成分，如何使用關係代詞或副詞是根據先行詞及其在從句中所充當的成分確定的。
二，關係代詞引導的定語從句
人 | 物 | 人+物 | |
主 語 | who/that | which/that | that |
賓 語 | who(m)/that | which/that | that |
定 語 | whose/of whom | whose/of which | whose |
表 語 | who/that | which/that | that |
注：如果關係代詞在從句中作主語，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數必須和先行詞一致。
①China is a big country that/which has a history of about 5000 years.
②Phil who/that comes from England is an active boy.
③The doctor (who/whom) David saw at the hospital told me to stop smoking.
④We passed some shops whose windows were decorated for Christmas.
⑤Is this the book (that/which) he is looking for?
△重點
1.that,who和which在從句中作主語時不可省略，作賓語時可省略。（但whom/which前有介詞時，whom/which不能省略）
e.g. The man (who/whom) my father is talking with is my teacher.
The man with whom my father is talking is my teacher.
2．關係代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時可跟介詞一起放在先行詞後面；為了使關係代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞，也可把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的後面。但固定短語中的介詞不要放在先行詞前（如look for,look after,take care of等）
e.g. The boy who(m) she is looking after is her aunt’s child.
3.that與which先行詞都可指物，that與who/whom先行詞都可指人，很多情況可互換使用，但也有區別。
A.只用that不用which的情況
1）當先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one時。
e.g. I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.
2)當先行詞被(the)only,the very,the last,all,some,any,no,every,little,few,much等修飾時。
e.g. There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
3)先行詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高階修飾時或先行詞本身就是序數詞或形容詞最高階時。
e.g. The first lesson that we’re going to learn is very difficult.
4)先行詞為兩個及兩個以上分別表示人和物的名詞時。
e.g. We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
5)當主語是以who或which開始的疑問句時。
e.g. Who is the boy that was here just now?
6)關係代詞在定語從句中作表語時。
e.g. The village is no longer the poor place that it used to be.
7)先行詞有the same修飾，先行詞和關係代詞指同一物時。
e.g. This is the same pen that I used yesterday.
B.只用which不用that的情況
1）關係代詞前有介詞時。
e.g. This is the room in which we lived last year.
2)引導非限制性定語從句時。
e.g. His dog,which was very old,became ill and died.
3)先行詞後有插入語時。
e.g. Here is the grammar book which,as I’ve told you,will help improve our English.
4)先行詞本身是that時。
e.g. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
C.先行詞指人，但只用who不用that的情況。
1）先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如one,someone,anyone,no one,all,nobody,none,those等。
e.g. Those who are against put up your hands.
2)當先行詞是一個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時。
e.g. The aunt who came to see me last week is my father’s sister.
3)當先行詞有較長的後置定語或在被分割的定語從句中。
e.g. Mr.White is coming soon who will give us a talk.
4)whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom
e.g. We live in the room,whose window is broken.(=the window of which is broken.)
注意：which與whose作定語時的區別
which只用於非限制性定語從句，僅指物，且要修飾對先行詞起概括作用的泛指名詞；“whose+n.”與先行詞不表示同一事物或情況。
e.g. ①Mary is studying Chinese,which knowledge is important now.
②The man whose wife is a housewife is from France.
△難點：關係代詞as引導的定語從句
as既可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
引導限制性定語從句，常用於以下句式。
1） such+n.+as…：“像….一樣的”
the same+n.+as…：“和…同樣的”（指同類異物，同類同物用that）
e.g. ①These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
② I want to buy the same cellphone as you bought.
The same customer that came here yesterday is here again.
2)…such as…
such意為“這樣的人或物”，修飾先行詞such.
e.g. This book is not such as I expect.
關係代詞as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區別：as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句後，有時還可插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置於主句之後。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內容，而不是主句中的某一個詞。
e.g. ①As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
3．當定語從句放在主句後面時，也並非as永遠等於which。
1）當非限制性定語從句是否定句或表示否定時只用which。
e.g. He came here very late,which was unexpected(not expected).
2） 當as在從句中作主語時，後面常跟動詞的被動式。如be known,be said,be reported,be announced等。若從句中動詞是主動式，一般用which作主語。
e.g. ①She’s been absent again,as is expected.
②Tom has made great progress,which makes us very happy.
3)當非限制性定語從句的`謂語是一個複合結構時，只能用which引導定語從句。
e.g. Betty always tells a lie,which her parents find strange.
4)as多用於下列習慣用語中：
as anybody can see as is well-known=as is known to all
as we had expected as often happens
as has been said before as is mentioned above
as (it) seems likely as (it) pointed out
as I remember (it) as I understand (it)
as (it) appears
e.g. Jack has won the first prize,as it often happens.
三．關係副詞引導的定語從句
1.先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，要用關係副詞。
1）先行詞是“時間詞語”，用when引導定語從句。when=表時間的介詞（in,at,during等）+which
e.g. I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army.
2)先行詞是“地點詞語”，用where引導定語從句。where=表地點的介詞（in,at,on,under等）+which
e.g. Can you tell me the office where(=in which) he works?
3)先行詞是reason時，用why引導定語從句。why=for which
e.g. The reason why(=for which) he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.
△難點：高考對where的考查
where從先行詞為明顯的“地點”轉為“地點的模糊化”。即，當先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事所發展的stage，或表達某事的某個方面的都可用where這個關係副詞。
e.g. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
四．關係代詞與關係副詞的比較
技巧：①分析句子結構，看錶時間或地點的先行詞在定語從句中是作狀語還是作主語和賓語。
②看定語從句的動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，或者是不及物動詞+介詞
e.g. This is the place ＿＿＿＿ he worked.
The city ＿＿＿＿＿＿ we visited is well known.
Do you know the reason ＿＿＿＿ he is absent.
I didn’t believe the reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿ he gave me.
We’ll never forget the day ＿＿＿＿＿＿ we spent in the village.
We’ll never forget the day ＿＿＿＿ we worked in the village.
The house ＿＿＿＿＿＿ we stayed in belonged to Mr.Black.
The house in ＿＿＿＿ we stayed belonged to Mr.Black.
五．限制性與非限制性定語從句
1.區別
限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用；而非限制性定語從句是對先行詞起補充說明作用，且先行詞與定語從句往往有逗號隔開。
e.g. He gave up the plan,which was a very good one.
2.非限制性定語從句中關係代詞和關係副詞的用法
1）關係詞在任何情況下都不能省略。
2）who（主語），whom（賓語），which（主語，賓語）不能用that代替，也不能互相替換。
3）“介詞+which/whom+從句”結構中，介詞不能移到從句的後面。
4）when,where可用於非限制性定語從句，why不可。
e.g. ①That student that the teacher thinks best played truant（逃學）yesterday,which made the teacher very disappointed.
②Some pre-school children go to a day-care center,where they learn simple games and songs.
六．定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。
當引導定語從句的關係代詞在從句中作主語時，那麼定語從句中的謂語動詞的數應與先行詞保持一致。
1.one of+複數名詞+關係代詞+複數動詞
e.g. The Great Wall is one of the famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
2.the only one of+複數名詞+關係代詞+單數動詞
e.g. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
注意： not the only one of…=one of…
e.g. Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.=
Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
3．當as與which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內容時，若as與which作主語，則從句的謂語動詞用單數形式。
e.g. Great changes have taken place in Zunyi,as/which is known to all.
七．注意way和time後接定語從句的情況
1.當先行詞是way意為“方式、方法”時，關係詞又是作狀語時，用in which/that/不填；若關係詞作賓語時，用that/which/不填。
e.g. The way ＿＿＿＿＿＿ he explained to us was quite simple.
The way ＿＿＿＿＿＿ he explained the sentence to us was difficult to understand.
2.當先行詞是time時，若作“次數”講，應用that引導定語從句，而且可省略；若作“一段時間”講，應用when或at/during+which引導定語從句。
e.g. ①I could hardly remember how many times ＿＿＿＿ I’ve failed.
②This was at a time ＿＿＿＿＿＿ there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.