卜算子 詠梅 陸游寫的
引導語：陸游《卜算子》以“詠梅”為題，作者是以梅花自喻，下文是原文知識內容，與大家分享閱讀詳細。
卜算子 · 詠梅①
驛外②斷橋③邊，寂寞④開無主⑤。
已是黃昏獨自愁，更著⑥風和雨。
無意⑦苦⑧爭春⑨，一任⑩群芳⑪妒⑫。
零落⑬成泥碾⑭作塵⑮，只有香如故⑯。
【註釋】
①卜(bǔ)運算元·詠梅：選自吳氏雙照樓影宋本《渭南詞》卷二。“卜算子”是詞牌名。又名《百尺樓》《眉峰碧》《楚天遙》《缺月掛疏桐》等。萬樹《詞律》卷三《卜算子》：“毛氏雲：‘駱義鳥(駱賓王)詩用數名，人謂為“卜算子”，故牌名取之。’按山谷詞，‘似扶著賣卜算’，蓋取義以今賣卜算命之人也。”
②驛(yì)外：指荒僻、冷清之地。驛：驛站，供驛馬或官吏中途休息的專用建築。
③斷橋：殘破的橋。一說“斷”通“籪”，籪橋乃是古時在為攔河捕魚蟹而設籪之處所建之橋。
④寂寞：孤單冷清。
⑤無主：自生自滅，無人照管和玩賞。
⑥更：副詞，又，再。著(zhuó)：同“著”，遭受，承受。更著：又遭到。
⑦無意：不想，沒有心思。自己不想費盡心思去爭芳鬥豔。
⑧苦：盡力，竭力。
⑨爭春：與百花爭奇鬥豔。此指爭權。
⑩一任：全任，完全聽憑;一：副詞，全，完全，沒有例外。任：動詞，任憑。
⑪群芳：群花、百花。百花，這裡借指詩人政敵──苟且偷安的主和派。
⑫妒(dù)：嫉妒。
⑬零落：凋謝，隕落。
⑭碾(niǎn)：軋爛，壓碎。
⑮作塵：化作灰土。
⑯香如故：香氣依舊存在。
【白話譯文】
驛站外斷橋旁。梅花寂寞地開放、孤孤單單.無人來欣賞。黃昏裡獨處已夠愁苦.又遭到風吹雨打而飄落四方。它花開在百花之首.卻無心同百花爭享春光，只任憑百花去總妒。即使花片飄落被碾作塵泥，也依然有永久的芬芳留在人間。
【創作背景】
陸游一生酷愛梅花，將其作為一種精神的載體來傾情歌頌，梅花在他的筆下成為一種堅貞不屈的形象的象徵。
聯絡陸游的生平不難理解，詞中的梅花正是作者自身的寫照。陸游的一生可謂充滿坎坷。他出生於宋徽宗宣和七年(公元1125年)，正值北宋搖搖欲墜、金人虎視耽耽之時。不久隨家人開始動盪不安的'逃亡生涯，“兒時萬死避胡兵”是當時的寫照，也使他在幼小的心靈深處埋下了愛國的種子。紹興二十三年(1153年)，陸游赴臨安應進士考試，因其出色的才華被取為第一，但因秦檜的孫子被排在陸游之後，觸怒了秦檜，第二年禮部考試時居然被黝免。秦檜黝免陸游的原因，一方面是挾私報復，一方面也是因其“喜論恢復”，引起這一投降派首腦的嫉恨。直到秦檜死後，陸游方開始步入仕途。這之後，陸游的仕途也並非一帆風順，而是幾起幾落。他曾到過抗金前線，身著戎裝投身火熱的戰鬥生活，從而體會到了“詩家三昧”。從此那壯懷激烈的戰鬥場面和收復失地的強烈願望成為其詩歌中最為動聽的主旋律。然而南宋小朝廷偏安一隅，對眼前的剩水殘山頗為滿足，並不真正想要恢復。即使有時不得不作出些姿態，也是掩人耳目，心不在焉。因此，陸游曾兩次被罷官，力主用兵是最主要原因所在。儘管陸游的愛國熱情慘遭打擊，但其愛國志向始終不渝。這在他的詩歌中得到了充分的體現。不難理解，其《卜算子·詠梅》正是以梅寄志的代表，那“零落成泥碾作塵，只有香如故”的梅花，正是詩人一生對惡勢力不懈的抗爭精神和對理想堅貞不渝的品格的形象寫照。
【賞析】
這首《卜算子》以“詠梅”為題,作者是以梅花自喻.
“寂寞開無主”這一句,詞人將自己的感情傾注在客觀景物之中,首句是景語,這句已是情語了.日落黃昏,暮色朦朧,這孑然一身、無人過問的梅花,何以承受這淒涼呢?它只有“愁”—— 而且是“獨自愁”,這與上句的“寂寞”相呼應.驛外斷橋、暮色、黃昏,本已寂寞愁苦不堪,但更添悽風冷雨,孤苦之情更深一層.“更著”這兩個字力重千鈞,前三句似將梅花困苦處境描寫已至其但二句“更著風和雨”似一記重錘將前面的“極限”打得崩潰.這種愁苦彷彿無人能承受, 至此感情渲染已達高潮,然而儘管環境是如此冷峻,它還是“開”了!上闋四句,只言梅花處境惡劣、於梅花只作一“開”字,但是其倔強、頑強已不言自明.
上闋集中寫了梅花的困難處境, 它也的確還有 “ 愁”.從藝術手法說,用環境、時光和自然現象來烘托.上闋四句可說是“情景雙繪”.讓讀者化一系列景物中感受到作者的特定環境下的心緒—— 愁!也讓讀者逐漸踏入作者的心境.
下闋,託梅寄志.從側面諷刺了群芳.暗含著作者的不幸遭遇揭露了苟且偷安的那些人的無恥行徑.說“爭春”,是暗喻人事; “ 妒”,則非草木所能有.這兩句表現出陸游性格孤高,決不與爭寵邀媚、阿諛逢迎之徒為伍的品格和不畏讒毀、堅貞自守的崚.傲骨.
最後幾句,把梅花的“獨標高格”,再推進一層： 前句承上闋的寂寞無主、黃昏日落、風雨交侵等悽慘境遇.這句七個字四次頓挫：“ 零落”, 不堪雨驟風狂的摧殘,梅花紛紛凋落了,這是第一層.落花委地,與泥水混雜,不辯何者是花,何者是泥了,這是第二層.從“碾”字,顯示出摧殘者的無情,被摧殘者的悽慘境遇,這是第三層.結果梅花被摧殘、被踐踏而化作灰塵了.這是第四層.看,梅花的命運有多麼悲慘,簡直不堪入目令人不敢去想像.讀者在此時已融入了字裡行間所透露出的情感中.
但作者的目的決不是單為寫梅花的悲慘遭遇,引起人們的同情;從寫作手法上來說,仍是鋪墊,是蓄勢,是為了把下句的詞意推上最高峰.雖說梅花凋落了,被踐踏成泥土了,它那“別有韻致”的香味,卻永遠“如故”,仍然不屈服於寂寞無主、風雨交侵的威脅.
末句具有扛鼎之力,它振起全篇,把前面梅花的不幸處境,風雨侵凌,凋殘零落,成泥作的淒涼、衰颯、悲慼,一股腦兒拋到九霄雲外去了.
此詞十分成功地運用比興手法作者以梅花自喻,以梅花的自然代謝來形容自己.此時,已將梅花人格化.“詠梅”,實為表白自己的思想感情,給我們留下了十分深刻的印象,成為一首詠梅的傑作.
【賞析英文翻譯】
This is the first of the BU operator "to" a few "as its theme, the author is self-evident to Plum.
"Lonely orphan" this sentence, CI will own feelings into the scenery in objective, the first sentence is King, it was love language. Sunset twilight, Twilight haze, which alone, unchallenged by Phillips, why take this dreary? it only the "sad" and "sorrows" and the "lonely on the sentence." Post external bridge, Twilight, Twilight, the lonely melancholy, but more the chill wind blowing, the loneliness of a deeper level. "The more the" two words force heavy supremely, the first three sentences might be the situation described is plum blossom hardship to it but the second sentence "even the wind and rain," like a hammer to the front of the "limit" to crash. This sorrow as if no one can afford, so emotional rendering has reached a climax, but despite the environment is so cold that it still "open"! sentences, on concerns only the situation worse, says Phillips at Phillips only for an "open", but its stubborn and tenacious is self-evident.
Regarding the focus on wrote the difficult situation of plum blossom, it does have the "melancholy". From the artistic means that use of the environment, time and natural phenomena to contrast. Four sentence on an awful lot can be said to be "situational double painted". Let the readers of a series of scenes in feel the author's specific environment mood — worry! also let readers gradually into the author's State of mind.
The following songs, Tome send Chi. From the side ironic shape. Implies the author's misfortune to expose a muddle of those shameless acts. The "falls" is a metaphor of personnel; "envy", the non-vegetation can have. These two lines show the solitary Lu you's personality and high, and never sees invited Mei, flattering of company's character and not slander, staunch Automorphic of shaped white. pride.
Last words, Phillips of "independence", then the elevation that promote a layer: front line bearing on an awful lot of lonely orphan, sunset, and rain turn penetrating and so miserable situation. This is the fourth of seven words: "full of disappointments, sudden rain" from the ravages of wind maniac, Phillips have litters, the first layer. I appointed, and slurry, don't argue what is flower, which is the mud, and this is the second layer. From "grind", showing the devastation of the merciless, ruined the miserable circumstances, a third layer. The result is torn, plum blossom is trampled on and into dust. This is the first four layers. The fate of the clubs have tragic, really offensive not dare to imagine. The reader at this point the lines have been integrated into the revealing emotion.
But the author's purpose is simply to write the black misery evoke sympathy; from writing practices, paving the way, is still a poised to take the next sentence word onto. Although Phillips has been trampled on litter, into the soil, it makes the "enjoying" fragrance, "never" as before, still not yielding to the lonely orphan, rain and wind over the threat of invasion.
The last sentence with the forces of kangding, it inspires the whole article, to the tragic situation in front of plum blossom, and rain penetration ling, the phantoms, eroded into mud made miserable, miserable failure in SA, brought about me.
This term is very successfully used metaphor approach author to Plum self-evident to Plum's natural metabolism to describe themselves. At this point, the personification of clubs. "A few" to express their feelings, to our left a very deep impression, become a masterpiece of a few.