麥克白英文讀書筆記
麥克白英文讀書筆記
After learning this drama during this semester, I learn a lot. And here I have some points to talk about.
The first one is that I am very impressed by the wittiness of Duncan’s two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain. When their father is murdered, the situation is a chaos. They don’t know who the murderer is and what their intentions are. They realize that they may be also in danger, as Donalbain says to Malcolm: “What should be spoken here, where our fate, hid in an auger-hole, may rush, and seize us? Let’s away; our tears are not yet brew’d.” So when Macbeth suggests all meet in the hall together, Malcolm says that”let’s not consort with them” and he goes to England and Donalbain to Ireland. As we can see, if they don’t flee, they may become the next persons to die, especially Malcolm, who is named by the king the Prince of Cumberland and will inherit the kingship after his father. As the old saying goes, revenge is a dish that should be eaten cold . The fact also proves that they make the right decision. Several years later, Malcolm comes back, fights with Macbeth and gains the kingship. What I want to say is not that we should revenge our enemies, but that we should keep in reason, keep calm. Think twice before you jump, especially in emergencies and disorders.
Another point I’d like to talk about is the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. At the very beginning, we can see that they have a very good relationship. Before he comes back home, Macbeth has already send a letter home to Lady Macbeth to tell her the success of the war and the three witches’ prophesy. When Macbeth hesitate if murder Duncan or not, Lady Macbeth scolds him as coward. All these indicate that they are in a good relationship. After Duncan is killed, in order to clear the way to become the king, Macbeth plans to kill Banquo and his son. But he doesn’t tell his wife. Their relation is going badly. We can infer that Macbeth doesn’t tell Lady Macbeth his plan to kill Macduff’s wife and children either. Because in Act Ⅴ Scene Ⅰ， when Lady Macbeth is sleep walking, she says: “The Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now?” And finally when his wife is dead, he is very cold, just saying: “she could have died hereafter; there would have been a time for such a word.” How comes a loving couple of the old days becomes strangers! It’s the blood-thirsty ambition that counts. From this, I learn that sometimes ambition is not a good thing. And if you have a proper ambition, such as becoming a champion in a competition or getting the highest score in an exam, you should get it through proper means, such as practicing a lot and study hard but not through cheating. Also, I learn that wife is an important role in a family. She should always lead the husband to go the right way to get the right thing. Otherwise, she could be the one who is hurt mostly.
麥克白英文讀書筆記
莎士比亞的著名悲劇《麥克白》講述的是主人公麥克白從忠臣到暴君的轉變以及他墮落與毀滅的故事。
人們常說，麥克白是一個十足的惡人——弒君、篡位、兇殘、暴虐、嗜殺??幾乎一無是處。但是如果你們翻開《麥克白》的劇本細細閱讀一下，會發現真相其實不然，麥克白最初的時候是一名驍勇善戰且赤膽忠心的蘇格蘭大將，曾幾乎憑一己之力平定了一場叛亂。
麥克白是蘇格蘭王室，國王鄧肯的表弟。身為王室貴族，麥克白自然不免有一些覬覦王位的念頭。但是，這只是一個潛伏於內心深處的一點點野心，或許連麥克白自己都不知道。
每個潛藏的野心都會因某種外在的因素而一觸而發。真正觸發麥克白這種念頭的，則是那次在荒原他和另一員大將班柯與三個女巫的邂逅。三個女巫對麥克白說：“萬福，麥克白!祝福你，葛萊密斯爵士!萬福，麥克白!祝福你，考特爵士!萬福，麥克白，未來的君王!”她們又對班柯說：“祝福!祝福!祝福!比麥克白低微，可是你的地位在他之上。不像麥克白那樣幸運，可是比他更有福。你雖然不是君王，你的子孫將要君臨一國。”本來麥克白不相信鬼神，對這些話語只會付諸一笑，可是，偏偏一場巧合激發了麥克白的野心。麥克白剛剛轉身，便看見一個大臣騎馬飛馳而來，告訴他考特爵士通敵叛國，已經被鄧肯王斬殺。大臣告訴他，國王因他戰功赫赫而將考特爵士轉封給了他，而且國王晚上將去他家住宿。麥克白很高興，與此同時他也覺得似乎那些女巫的預言真的.不是空穴來風，自己真的有可能成為未來的君王。一個潛藏的野心浮上了表面，麥克白也從此走出了他從忠臣到暴君的第一步。
可是一個有野心的人不一定知道自己應該用什麼樣的方式去達成它，需要一個人，一個足夠邪惡的人來教導他。本來麥克白或許會就此罷休，可是偏偏他的夫人就是一個邪惡的女人，心中充滿了惡念。她聽麥克白敘述了他的奇遇，以及鄧肯王要來家中住宿，一個邪念頓時湧上心頭：她想讓麥克白在鄧肯熟睡之際將其刺殺，以便讓麥克白迅速登上王位。麥克白畢竟還良心未泯，不願意弒君篡位。但是，麥克白的意志是脆弱的，經不住夫人接二連三的激將。有一次，她甚至說麥克白是一個懦夫，這是勇猛的麥克白最不能忍受的。在夫人的慫恿下，麥克白在深夜進入了鄧肯王的臥室，刺殺了鄧肯王，並嫁禍於國王的兩個衛兵。第二天，麥克白又以謀反的罪名殺死了兩個無辜的衛兵，銷燬了一切證據。鄧肯死後，鄧肯的兩個兒子馬爾康和道納本逃亡國外，被人懷疑弒父潛逃;而麥克白因位高權重，又是王室貴族，被大臣們擁立為新的君王。麥克白登上了王位，如願以償。儘管如此，這次弒君行為也讓麥克白從此失去了安寧，就像《麥克白》中所說的那樣：“葛萊密斯已經殺害了睡眠，所以考特將再也得不到睡眠，麥克白將再也得不到睡眠!”麥克白的內心也從此被內疚所捆綁，他曾看著自己沾滿鮮血的雙手，說：“這是什麼手!嘿!它們要挖出我的眼睛。大洋裡所有的水，能夠洗淨我手上的血跡嗎?不，恐怕我這一手的血，倒要把一碧無垠的海水染成一片殷紅呢。”
但是，以不義得來的王位必須以罪惡加以鞏固。麥克白登上王位後，想起了女巫們對班柯所說的話語，他覺得十分驚恐懼，便派刺客去暗殺班柯和他的兒子弗裡恩斯。班柯雖然死了，但弗裡恩斯卻逃去了，這也從此成為麥克白的一塊心病。麥克白為了確保自己統治的穩定，又去拜訪了那三個女巫。這次女巫派鬼魂對他預言，說麥克白要留心費埔爵士麥克德夫，還說麥克白可以將所有人類的力量付諸一笑，沒有婦人所生的人能傷害麥克白，並且麥克白
永遠不會被擊敗，除非勃南的森林有朝一日向麥克白的首都鄧西嫩移動。麥克白很高興，但為了確保自己的絕對安全，他又派刺客襲擊了麥克德夫的城堡，把麥克德夫的妻兒殺得一乾二淨，但麥克德夫已經逃往了英格蘭。這一輪的殺戮過後，麥克白成為了一個十足的暴君。
惡人是終究要受到懲罰的。麥克白雖然殺了這麼多的人，但仍然得不到安寧，還眾叛親離。麥克白覺得，他的人生“不過是一個行走的影子，一個在舞臺上指手畫腳的拙劣的伶人，登場片刻，就在無聲無臭中悄然退下，它是一個愚人所講的故事，充滿著喧譁與騷動，卻找不到一點意義”。所有的爵士都背叛了麥克白，前往英格蘭去投奔潛藏在那兒的鄧肯長子馬爾康。馬爾康在英格蘭的支援下，舉兵進攻麥克白。與此同時，惡貫滿盈的麥克白夫人也因負疚過多而精神崩潰，患了夢遊症，在夜間自殺了。馬爾康所率領的軍隊來到了勃南森林附近，馬爾康命令士兵們一人折一根樹枝做掩護，向鄧西嫩進軍。麥克白在鄧西嫩的城頭上眺望敵軍，看到一大片“樹林”正從勃南森林向鄧西嫩移動。鬼魂的預言應驗了，“勃南森林”真的正在向鄧西嫩移動。麥克白有些膽怯，但想到鬼魂曾說沒有婦人所生的人能擊敗他，麥克白再次拾起了勇氣。他出城迎戰，再次重現了當年作為忠臣時那橫掃千軍的威風。但由於他計程車兵不斷倒戈，麥克白退入了城內。在王宮內，麥克白與麥克德夫狹路相逢。麥克德夫要為家人報仇，要和麥克白決鬥。麥克白很藐視麥克德夫，說女巫預言沒有婦人所生的人能擊敗他。麥克德夫說，讓你的女巫告訴你，麥克德夫是不足月就從母腹中剖出來的，不是婦人所生的。麥克白醒悟了，明白了女巫的邪惡和模稜兩可，但事已至此，他仍要和麥克德夫血戰到底。最終，麥克白被麥克德夫斬殺，一代暴君終於落得個梟首示眾的下場。
麥克白的命運是悲劇性的，他原是一個忠臣，女巫的蠱惑，夫人的慫恿，激發了他的野心，讓他變得邪惡，最終篡奪了王位。為了鞏固自己的王位，他又大開殺戒，成為了一個千夫所指的暴君。麥克白就這樣一步步地墮落，變得越來越陰邪，直到最後被正義之師所討伐。莎士比亞的這部悲劇揭示了人心的罪惡：一個看似心無邪念的人也可能會因種種外在因素而一步步墮落，直到自取滅亡，自我毀滅，就像麥克白一樣。